Projets:Perso:2011:Motorshield

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Introduction

What should you do if you wanna plug motors to your Arduino ? There's this cool Motorshield from Adafruit industries, but it handles such little currents ! Fortunately, there are other nice chips out there...

OpenHW is about commiting patches, right ? So here's mine !

File:Motorshield ALL.png
The current prototype.

Please note that this is an ongoing project: this page itself is a work in progress. Use at your own risk :) Current prototype do work, but a better version is expected sometime soon enough.

You can also check past versions of this project.

Design goals

  • The goal of this project is to replace the weak L293D of Adafruit's Motorshield with a stronger chip, a MC33932, which is a fully integrated dual H-bridge rated at 5.0A (vs 0.6A for the L293D).
  • One major constraint is to keep a full pin/function compatibility, so that this shield can be a drop-in replacement for Adafruit's version.
  • I also chose to use mostly SMD components, because I am fed up with all those thruhole resistors: people should live with their time, and in my opinion, those are a thing of the past.


Note that I decided to call this shield "the Arduino sHHHHield - an Arduino shield with four H bridges" and am proudly claiming full fame and credits and everything for such a lame name :-)

Features

As intended, this shield is very similar to Adafruit's current version:

  • 2 connections for 5V 'hobby' servos - still the huge drawback of pumping on the 5v regulators, which means you cannot expect to use torque-full servos.
  • Up to 4 bi-directional DC motors with individual 8-bit speed selection (so, about 0.5% resolution)
  • Up to 2 stepper motors (unipolar or bipolar) with single coil, double coil, interleaved or micro-stepping.
  • Pull down resistors keep motors disabled during power-up
  • Big terminal block connectors to easily hook up wires (10-22AWG) for motor and power supply
  • Arduino reset button brought up top
  • 2-pin terminal block to connect external power, for seperate logic/motor supplies
  • Tested compatible with Duemilanove & UNO. Not tested on Mega yet, but should work as the original shield. Not tested for steppers yet neither (see below: there might be issues with the current prototype, but it'll be corrected on final version).

There are some differences tho:

  • Max voltage is 28v for the H-bridge [1]
  • Mostly compatible with easy-to-use Arduino software libraries from Adafruit [2]
  • 4 H-Bridges: MC33932 chipset can provide 5.0A per bridge (at 6.5A overcurrent kicks in) [3]
  • Current feedback readable directly on four of the analog inputs of the Arduino [4]
  • Status flag for each chip on two other analog inputs [4]
  1. As I've done the design rather in a hurry for another project in a 12v environment, condensators have been chosen for this value (actually, 16v max if I remember well). Mount other values and you'll be able to get closer to the MC33932 max voltage rating. Be reasonable: at full amps, it'll get you close to 500w, even with high efficiency it'll fry the chip - or at least get it in thermal protection very fast - without additional cooling.
  2. Most notably, the enable (and thus PWM and speed control) works the opposite way at the moment, that is setspeed(255) will get stop and setspeed(0) will get fullspeed. See sections below for details.
  3. This is RMS (eg: mean over time). Actually depends on how well you cool it. This chipset implements a thermal shutdown protection and short circuit/over current protection. I've tested it for quite a quile at 2.5A per bridge "stock", eg without any additionnal heatsink, and it went hot but not too hot.
  4. Check below for details on how to use this

Yeah, I know, I hate those "see conditions below" things, but hey, this is only a prototype at the moment, so live with it :)

Make it!

As you can see, the board design wasn't really optimised for DIY processes:

  • 6 mil spacing (0.15mm), 12mil tracks: so to speak "class 5" (not sure this is an international thing ; the higher the class, the harder to manufacture. It is probably a french standard).
  • 0.3 mm vias

These are Pcb Pool standard process parameters - board house I went with for the first prototypes.

You can either:

  • go for a pro fab house
  • tweak the current design to adapt to your manufacturing abilities
  • come with us tweak the lab pcb fab equipment to achieve such results. Amusing fact: just for fun (like 3am on a wednesday stupid challenge ;), we tried to make the bottom layer with our not-yet-trimmed pcb-process at the lab, and it went out suprisingly well. It is highly probable that in a rather near future we will be able to actually manufacture such PCB directly at the lab (of course, without metal vias, soldermask and silkscreen: those are for quite later on ;)

Because there are quite a lot of pictures associated with that, check the sub-page describing the assembly process.

Use it!

There's no deep, thorough tutorial about this yet. Check what is done with the original adafruit version, and come back later to check what we are using this for - once I document the related projects ;) Spoiler alert: one of them is related to Physical Etoys/Squeakbot (STFW :) Hint: having 8 half bridge on a board means you could control, like, 8 lamps. Or whatever requires few amps.

More info on the related sub-page.

Resources

Download

Check adafruit version of the library required to use this shield. It works okay. See previous section for limitations and some example code.

Come back later for full eagle files of this design, I'm still trying to figure out a way to upload any kind of file on this wiki ! Contact me directly if the images on this page aren't enough for you. As soon as I figure a way to upload the Eagle design files on here, I will.

Links

Buy Kit

This is just a prototype at the moment. Check its smaller/older brother on adafruit, snootlab, or get in touch with contact@electrolab.fr if you really wanna buy one of the prototypes.

Please note that price would be significantly higher than that of the Motorshield, like above 50€. That's because:

  • that's what they cost me right now
  • the MC33932 a stronger but more expensive than L293D: even in a production run, costs would be higher
  • these are still prototypes, with tiny volume (eg: more expensive pcb and components, because volume is what drives prices down)
  • the prototype boards are assembled by hand. Even if I happily give some of my time to design stuff, assembling batches is boring and then my time isn't totally free (as in free beer). Somehow, we will never reach volumes similar to those of Adafruit, therefore a higher price would be inevitable.

More info

Check all the ressources associated with the original version of this shield. For anything regarding this particular version, you can contact me directly through the electrolab mailing list, or on IRC: clmnt/#electrolab on freenode networks.

You can check the Frequently Asked Questions sub page for more info & troubleshooting.

TODOs

Wishlist for next revisions

  • check signal names (eg motor x forward should behave as expected)
  • protect reverse polarity on power plug
  • do something about the poor servo power design (including move that 2pinheader that shorts on the USB connector... what a pitty !)
  • think about polyfuse on Vin jumper (protect arduino 5v reg)
  • bring led on D13 up
  • decide on high/low PWMing in HW (inverter, or other enable - even if not recomended by spec)
  • add revision info sticker on pcb (datecode, SN)
  • make the pcb easier to manufacture (DIY friendly)
  • add option for unused pins wire soldering
  • change led resistor value (maybe 5k or even less)
  • release a proper lib/code examples for specific features
  • design a better silkscreen (eg servo1 & servo1...)
  • add holes for heatsink mounting
  • check how hard it'd be to be able to chain two of such boards to drive 4 steppers (RAMPS style) : mostly connector issues to chain shift registers + SW to drive it, I suppose... even it'd be more clever to do an all in one platform directly.
  • experiment with paralleling outputs and max power
  • implement end of line testability in a more easy manner (eg testpoints)
  • try to mess with a current-loop mode firmware
  • check/think about a small volume production price
  • your wildest dream here ! :)

TODO for this page

  • Move those pics to a sub-page/download, or sort them.
  • Add a true overview pic with the board and adapted motors/loads.
  • Create assembly sub-page
  • Clean this page
  • Add history/release notes in an explicit way
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